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Kungani kubalulekile ukufundela ukuzithokozisa

by | Feb 28, 2023 | Road to Literacy

Wonke umuntu omdala ophumelelayo angafunda ngokuqondisisa. Ufunda lo mbhalo ngoba ungomunye walaba bantu futhi ufuna okufanayo enganeni yakho.

Ukufunda kuwumsebenzi omkhulu obandakanya inani elikhulu lamandla engqondo kanye nokugxila kulokho okufundayo. Izingane eziningi zikuthola kunzima lokhu futhi zilahlekelwa kalula ugqozi nokuzethemba. Uma lena kuyingane yakho, kunezinto eziningi ongazenza ukuze ihlale igqugquzelekile futhi ithokozela ukufunda – ngisho noma ikuthola kunzima lokhu.

Into elula ongayenza ukukhuthaza ingane yakho ukuthi ifunde noma yini ekhethe ukuyifunda. Lawa amandla okuya emtatsheni wezincwadi noma esitolo sezincwadi, ngisho naseshalofini lezincwadi elisekhaya, bese ukhetha lokho efuna ukukufunda. Esikoleni uthisha unquma ukuthi yini okumele abafundi bayifunde. Abakwazi ukukhetha; ngakho-ke ugqozi lokufunda luqhutshwa kuphela yimiphumela – uma ngingayifundi le ncwadi ngizongena enkingeni. Ngakho-ke kuyakhuthaza futhi kuyagqugquzela ingane uma ivunyelwa ukuthi ikhethe ukuthi yini engayifunda. Ngifuna ukufunda le ncwadi. Ngingakwazi ukufunda le ncwadi.

Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ngokulinganayo ukuthi ingane ikhethe incwadi esezingeni layo elifanele lokufunda. Kunamazinga amathathu okufunda ayisisekelo – izinga lokufunda kwengane ngokuzimela, izinga lokufunda kwengane ngokuyalelwa, nezinga lokukhungatheka kwengane.

Lokho okufundwa yingane kufanele kunikeze ukulingana phakathi kokusekela (ukuthuthukisa ukuzethemba kwayo) kanye nenselelo (edinga ukuba icabange ngalokho ekufundayo).

Ngokocwaningo, izinga elifanele yilapho ingane ingafunda khona amagama ayisishiyagalolunye kwayishumi futhi iqonde umbhalo kalula (Clay, 1991a).

Kulula ukufunda umbhalo osezingeni lokufunda kwengane ngokuzimela

Lapho ingane zifunda ngokuzwakalayo, kufanele ingingize kuphela cishe egameni elilodwa kwayi-100 futhi kufanele ikwazi ukuphendula yonke imibuzo yokuqondisisa ngendaba. Le mibhalo isetshenziselwa ukufunda ngokuzimela ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzethemba nokudala umuzwa wokwazi nokuzithokozisa. Vumela ingane yakho ukuthi ifunde lezi zindaba izikhathi eziningi ngendlela efuna ngayo njengoba lokhu kuthuthukisa ukuzethemba futhi kuvumela ukuthi ukufunda kube mnandi.

Akulula ukufunda umbhalo osezingeni lokufunda kwengane ngokuyalelwa

Ingane izodinga usizo lukathisha noma umfundi onekhono ukuze zifunde le mibhalo. Le mibhalo isiza ingane ukuthi ifunde amagama amasha nokuthi izejwayeze amakhono okufunda. Lapho ifunda ngokuzwakalayo, kufanele ingingize emagameni amabili kuya kwayisihlanu kwayi-100. Kufanele ifunde ngokunemba okungu-95% futhi kufanele zikwazi ukuphendula u-80% wemibuzo elula yokuqondisisa nje, edinga ukukhumbula izigameko zendaba. Uma umbhalo osetshenziswe lapha unzima kakhulu, ingane izoqala ukuzizwa ikhungathekile futhi ilahlekelwe ugqozi.

Umbhalo osezingeni lokufunda lokukhungatheka kwengane kunzima kakhulu ukuwufunda

Ngisho seyesekwa. Lapho ingane ifunda ngokuzwakalayo, izongingiza emagameni angaphezu kwamahlanu kwayi-100. Izokwazi ukuphendula u-70% noma ngaphansi wemibuzo yokuqondisisa. Imibhalo kuleli zinga kufanele igwemeke ngoba iqeda ukuzethemba kwengane kanye nomuzwa wokufundela ukuzithokozisa.

Yakha amathuba okuthi ingane yakho ifunde ukuze ikuthokozele lokhu. Kunobufakazi obucwaningiwe bokuthi izingane ezifundela ukuzithokozisa nsuku zonke zenza kangcono ekuhlolweni kokufunda okufana nama-PIRLS (The Progress in International Reading Literacy Study). Lezi zingane nazo  zithuthukisa ulwazimagama olunamandla ngoba zinogqozi lokufunda kakhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zizofunda amagama amaningi kunengane engafundi lutho olungaphezu komsebenzi wayo wesikole owenzelwa ekhaya. Noma ubani kudingeka ahlangane negama okungenani izikhathi eziyishumi nesithupha ngaphambi kokuthi alikhumbule. Ngakho-ke, lapho ufunda ngokwengeziwe, yilapho uzijwayeza ngokwengeziwe ukufunda igama futhi uwazi nencazelo yalo – ngakho-ke uba nesilulumagama esinamandla. Isilulumagama esinamandla sisho ukuthi wazi incazelo yamagama ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuze usebenzise amandla obuchopho amancane ukuze ufunde. Lokhu kuvula amandla obuchopho ukuze ugxile ekuqondeni lokho okufundayo okuholela kumakhono angcono okuqonda.

Izingane ezifundela ukuzithokozisa nazo zinolwazi olungcono oluvamile kanye nokuqonda kangcono amanye amasiko. Ukuhlolwa okuningi kokufunda kusebenzisa imibhalo enika ulwazi lwamaqiniso hhayi imibhalo exoxa indaba. Ukuba nombono womhlaba othuthukile kusho ukuthi ingane yakho ilethe ulwazi kulokho ekufundayo ukuze ibe nethuba elingcono lokuqonda umbhalo. Ukufundela ukuzithokozisa nakho kunezinzuzo ngokuphathelene nezenhlalo futhi kungenza abantu bazizwe bexhumene kakhulu nomphakathi ngokubanzi. Ukufunda kwandisa ukuqonda komuntu ngobuyena, kuthuthukisa uzwela futhi kumnika ukuqonda indlela abanye ababona ngayo izinto – zonke izici ezifiswayo zanoma yimuphi umuntu ophumelelayo.

Nembala izingane ezithokozela ukufunda zigqugquzeleka kakhulu ukuthi zenze kahle esikoleni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi konke ezikwenza esikoleni kubandakanya ukufunda. Uma ufuna ukunikeza ingane yakho inzuzo engcono kakhulu kwezemfundo, yikhuthaze ukuthi ifunde ngaphandle kwengcindezi yokwenza umsebenzi. Yikhuthaze ukuthi ifundele nje ukuzithokozisa.

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