ungamenza njani umntwana wakho abe ngumfundi olungileyo

Rhoqo kwiminyaka emihlanu, abafundi beBanga lesi-4 baseMzantsi Afrika bathatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lokufunda lwamazwe ngamazwe olubizwa PIRLS (The Progress in International Reading Literacy Study). Ngenxa yokuba olu vavanyo lwenzeka rhoqo, siyakwazi ukulandela umkhondo wenkqubela yabantwana bethu xa kufikelela kwizakhono zokufunda ngokuqonda. Iziphumo zokugqibela ezapapashwayo zePIRLS yayizezovavanyo lonyaka wama-2016 kwaye kwafunyaniswa ukuba ama-78% zabafundi bethu abakwiBanga lesi-4 abakwazi ukufunda ngokuqonda kulo naluphina ulwimi. Oko kuthetha ukuba ngama-22% kuphela zabantwana abaneminyaka elishumi eMzantsi Afrika abakuqondayo oko bakufundileyo.

Ukuba umntwana akakuqondi oko akufundayo akakwazi ukuphumelela kwizifundo zesikolo kuba ukufunda ngumjelo wako konke ukufunda. Sonke isifundo esikolweni, nditsho neZibalo, zifuna ukuba ubani asebenzise ulwazi lwezandi ukufunda amagama asephepheni, kunye nesigama ukongeza intsingiselo kuloo magama. Abafundi abanezakhono basebenzisa ubuchule obuninzi kanye namaqhinga okufunda ukuqonda oko bakufundayo baze ngalo ndlela baphuhlise izakhono zokufunda ezahlukileyo. Wena njengomzali ungamnceda umntwana wakho aphuhlise kwaye aziqhelise obu buchule kunye nezakhono.

Fundela umntwana wakho

Kubalulekile ukubafundela xa bezintsana naxa beqalile esikolweni. Akukhathaliseki nokuba umfundela ntoni umntwana wakho. Ingayincwadi efanayo, inqaku elivela kwiphephandaba okanye isiyoliso/inqaku elihlekisayo. Abantwana kufuneka bafunde ingqikelelo yokubhaliweyo kunye nokuba amagama esiwathethayo kunye nesiwavayo angabhalwa. Abantwana badinga ukubona ukuba ukufunda kuxatyisiwe ekhayeni labo. Ngokufundela umntwana wakho, uyamxhasa ukuba akhulise ukwazi kunye nothando lokufunda.

Bafundele iintlobo ezahlukileyo zamabali

Bafundele iintlobo ezahlukileyo zamabali ukuze iintlobo ezahlukileyo zoncwadi zityhileke kubo baze bakwazi ukufunda iintlobo zamabali abazonwabelayo. Khuthaza uphuhliso lwemifanekiso-ntelekelelo kwaye bavumele bakubalisele amabali – nokuba asile – ukuze bazi ukuba amabali abo abalulekile nawo.

Buza umntwana wakho imibuzo

Buza abantwana bakho imibuzo malunga noko ukufundileyo okanye nditsho nokuba kumalunga nabakubukele kumabonakude. Bancede babe ngabantu abakugxeka-bencoma xa becinga kwaye bacinge malunga nokuba bafunde ntoni. Buza imibuzo efana nale:

• Ngubani oyena mlinganiswa omthandayo?
• Yeyiphi eyona nxalenye oyithandileyo kwibali?
• Kwenzeka ntoni ekuqaleni?
• Kwenzeka ntoni ekugqibeleni?
• Lenzeka phi eli bali?

Abafundi abanezakhono bakhangela iingcebiso, baxela kwangenx’ engaphambili kwaye bathatha izigqibo ezisekelezelwe kubungqina nezizathu. Cinga ngawe xa ubukele inkqubo kumabonakude. Ingqondo yakho ikhangela iingcebiso zokuba kuza kwenzeka ntoni elandelayo. Njengokuba ulwazi olutsha luvela, oku kuxela kwangenx’ engaphambili kuyatshintsha uze wenze okutsha. Uqaphela utshintsho oluncinane kwinkangeleko yobuso bomlinganiswa kunye nemvakalozwi, uze ubone ukuba izenzo ziya kweliphi icala uze ugwebe. Oku kubizwa ngokuthi uthatha izigqibo ezisekelezelwe kubungqina nezizathu kwaye oku yinto eyenziwa ngabafundi abanezakhono ukuze baqonde ukuba uzama ukudlulisa umyalezo othini umbhali ebalini okanye kokubhaliweyo. Ungamnceda umntwana wakho aziqhelise ukuthatha izigqibo ezisekelezelwe kubungqina nezizathu ngokubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Ucinga ukuba kuza kwenzeka ntoni okulandelayo?
• Ucinga ukuba kutheni umlinganiswa enze oko akwenzileyo? Zeziphi iingcebiso ozifumeneyo ebalini ukukunceda ufumane loo mpendulo?
• Ufikelele njani kuloo mpendulo?
• Masifunde eli phepha kwakhona size sikhangele ulwazi olufihlakeleyo.

Abafundi abanezakhono basekwathatha isigqibo sokuba yintoni ebalulekileyo, iyintoni engabalulekanga. Oku kubalulekile xa ufunda amabali kwakunye nemibhalo equlethe ulwazi. Ephepheni kuza kubakho ulwazi oluninzi kodwa lulwazi oluthile olubalulekileyo kwisakhiwo sebali okanye koko ufunda ngako. Nceda umntwana wakho aphuhlise esi sakhono sokufunda ngokwenza okulandelayo:

• Ukubaxhasa ngokufunda okubhaliweyo okuqulethe ulwazi njengeentengiso, amaphetshana kunye neencwadi ezingemiba yokwenene
• Ngokubabuza ukuba yintoni eyona nto ibalulekileyo abayifundileyo kwelo phepha
• Ukufunda inqaku elinye kunye nemizekelo emithathu kunye nokubuza ukuba yeyiphi eyona nto ibalulekileyo oyithethileyo.

Nceda umntwana wakho anxulumanise njengokuba efunda kwaye azise ulwazi asele enalo kukho nakuphina okutsha okubhaliweyo malunga nesihloko. Ulwazi luyakhula. Ufunda okuthile ngesihloko uze njengokuba ufunda iincwadi ezintsha okanye amanqaku wongeze kolu lwazi. Ngamanye amaxesha njengokuba ufunda, uqonda ukuba oko ubucinga ukuba uyakwazi bekungachanekanga uze utshintshe ingqondo yakho. Ungakwenza oku kuphela xa unxulumanisa. Yenza umfuziselo wobu buchule bokufunda ngezi ndlela zilandelayo:

• Masijonge isihloko seli bali. Ingaba sikhe safunda nawaphina amabali afana nalo?
• Le ncwadi imalunga nezinambuzane. Yintoni osele uyazi ngezinambuzane?
• Le nkwenkwe ilusizi ebalini. Ubuzive ulusizi nini wena?

Ungenza umfuziselo wamaqhinga okufunda ngokwenza ngathi awuyiqondi into oyifundayo. Thetha okuncingayo kwaye ubuze imibuzo okanye uthethe izinto ezifana nezi:

• Andiqondi. Mandibuyele ndiphinde ndiwufunde lo mhlathi kwakhona.
• Andilazi ukuba lithetha ntoni eli gama. Mandijonge amagama alingqongileyo mhlawumbi oko kunganceda.
• Andikaqondi. Eli gama litsha lindenza ndicinge ngeliphi igama?

Ukuba umntwana wakho akawafundiswanga amaqhinga okufunda, akasoze aziphuhlise izakhono azidingayo zokufundela ukuqonda. Ezi zakhono zokuhlalutya kufuneka zibe ngumfuziselo zize zifundiswe ukuze iindlela zokucinga ezidingekayo ukuze abe ngumfundi onezakhono ziphuhlisiwe engqondweni yakhe. Ngokubuza imibuzo njengokuba ufunda nomntwana wakho, okanye xa ekufundela, wenza umfuziselo wezi ndlela zokucinga.

Kukho izinto ezininzi onokuzenza ukunceda umntwana wakho abe ngumfundi onezakhono. Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo onokuyenza kukudala imeko apho ukufunda kuxatyisiwe ekhaya. Ukuba kuyenzeka, thengela umntwana bakho iincwadi ukuze abe neencwadi zakhe kwaye azixabise. Mbonise ukuba uyafunda kwaye uyakonwabela ukufunda. Musa ukwenza umsebenzi wokufunda wasekhaya ukhangeleke ngokungathi ngumsebenzi ekufuneka unyanyezelwe. Yeka into oyenzayo, uze ubanike ixesha lakho, umamele ngelixa efunda kwaye umncome – kakhulu! Nokuba akakwazi kakuhle ukufunda, mkhuthaze kwaye umxelele ukuba wenza kakuhle kwaye mvumele afunde umhlathi okanye iphepha amaxesha amaninzi kangangoko efuna ade akwazi ukufunda ngaphandle kwempazamo. Oku kuza kwakha ukuzithemba kunye nokonwabela ukufunda.