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Hobaneng ha ho balla monate ho le bohlokwa

by | Feb 28, 2023 | Road to Literacy

Motho e moholo e mong le e mong a ka balla kutlwisiso. O bala atikele ena hobane o le e mong wa batho bana mme o batla se kang sena bakeng sa ngwana wa hao. Ho ithuta ho bala ke mosebetsihadi o moholo o kenyeletsang matla a mangata a boko le tsepamiso ya maikutlo.

Bana a bangata ba a thatafallwa mme ba potlake ba lahlehelwe ke kgothatso le boitshepo.  Haeba e le ngwana wa hao enwa, ho na le dintho tse ngata tseo o ka di etsang ho mo thusa hore a dule a kgothatsehile mme a natefelwe ke ho bala – esitana le ha a sokola.   

Ntho e le nngwe e bobebe eo o ka e etsang ke ho kgothaletsa ngwana wa hao ho bala eng kapa eng eo a e kgethileng ho e bala. Ana ke matla a ho ya laeboraring kapa lebenkeleng la dibuka, esitana le shelofo ya dibuka lapeng, le ho kgetha seo a batlang ho se bala. Sekolong titjhere o etsa qeto hore o tshwanetse ho bala eng. Ha a na boikgethelo; kahoo kgothaletso e le nngwe feela ya ho bala e kgannwa ke maemo – ha ke sa bale buka ena ke tla kena mathateng. Kahoo e kgothatsa le ho fa ngwana morolo haeba a fuwa kgetho ya seo a tlang ho se bala. Ke batla ho bala buka ena. Nka bala buka ena. 

Le ha ho le jwalo, ho ntse ho le bohlokwa jwalo feela hore a kgethe buka e leng boemong bo mo tshwanelang. Ho na le maemo a mararo a motheo a ho bala – boemo ba hae ba boikemelo ba ho bala, boemo ba ho balwa a thuswa, le boemo ba tsieleho.  

Seo a se balang se lokela ho fana ka botsitso dipakeng tsa tshehetso (ho aha boitshepo ba hao) le phephetso (e hlokang hore a nahanisise mabapi le hore ke eng eo a e balang.

Ho ya ka diphuputso, boemo bo nepahetseng ke boo ho bona ngwana a ka balang mantswe a robong ho a leshome mme a utlwisisa sengolwa ha bobebe feela (Clay, 1991a).

Mongolo o boemong ba ho bala ka boikemelo ba ngwana o baleha ha bobebe

Ha a balla hodimo, o lokela ho thatafallwa feela ke lentswe le ka bang leng ho a 100 mme o lokela ho kgona ho araba dipotso tsohle tsa kutlwisiso mabapi le pale. Dingolwa tsena di sebediswa bakeng sa ho bala ka boikemelo ho aha boitshepo le ho bopa boikutlo ba ho nepa le ho natefelwa. Dumella ngwana wa hao ho bala dipale tsena hangata feela ho ya kamoo a batlang kaha sena se aha boitshepo mme se dumella hore ho bala e be monyaka.  

Sengolwa se boemong ba ho bala ba ho rutwa ha ngwana ha bo bobebe ho baleha

O tla hloka thuso e tswang ho titjhere kapa mmadi ya nang le bokgoni hore a bale dingolwa tsena. Dingolwa tsena di thusa bana ho ithuta mantswe a matjha le ho ikwetlisa bokgoni. Ha a balla hodimo, o lokela ho thatafallwa ke mantswe a mabedi ho isa ho a mahlano ho a 100. O lokela ho bala ka nepahalo ya 95% mme a kgone ho araba 80% ya dipotso tse bobebe tsa kutlwisiso ka ho hopola. Haeba sengolwa se sesebedisitsweng mona se le thata haholo, ngwana o tla qala ho ikutlwa a tsieleha mme a lahlehelwa ke kgothatso.   

Sengolwa se maemong a ngwana a ho bala a tsieleho se thata haholo ho ka balwa

Sengolwa se maemong a ngwana a ho bala a tsieleho se thata haholo ho ka balwa, esitana le ka tshehetso. Ha a balla hodimo o tla thatafallwa ke mantswe a fetang a 5 ho a 100. O tla kgona ho araba 70% kapa ka tlase ya dipotso tsa kutlwisiso. Mongolo o maemong ana o lokela ho qojwa hobane o tlosa boitshepo ba ngwana le boikutlo ba monyaka wa ho bala.

Etsa menyetla bakeng sa ngwana wa hao hore a balle monate feela. Ho na le bopaki ba diphuphutso bo reng bana ba ballang monate letsatsi le letsatsi ba sebetsa hantle  ditekong tsa ho bala tse kang PIRLS (The Progress in International Reading Literacy Study). Bana bana hape ba ba le tlotlontswe a matla hobane ba kgothaletswa ho bala. Sena se bolela hore ba tla bala mantswe a mangata ho feta ngwana ya sa baleng letho ntle le mosebetsi wa hae wa sekolo o etswang lapeng. Motho e mong le e mong o hloka ho kopana le lentswe bonyane makgetlo a leshome le metso e tshelela pele a ka le hopola. Kahoo, ha o dula o bala o tla fumana kwetliso e ngata ya ho bala lentswe mme o le fe moelelo – kahoo o tla ba le tlotlontswe e matla. Tlotlontswe e matla e bolela hore o kenya moelelo mantsweng ka boiketso kahoo o sebedisa matla a manyane a boko a ho bala. Sena se bulela matla a boko ho tsepamisa maikutlo le ho utlwisisa seo o se balang e leng se lebisang ho bokgoni bo betere ba kutlwisiso.

Bana ba ballang monate hape ba ba le tsebo e ntle ya kakaretso le kutlwisiso e betere ya botjhaba ba batho ba fapaneng. Ditekanyetso tse ngata tsa ho bala di sebedisa dingolwa tseo e seng tsa maiqapelo mme ese dingolwa tse phetang pale. Ho ba le tjhebo ya lefatshe e tswetseng pele ho feta ho bolela hore ngwana wa hao o tlisa tsebo ho seo a se balang mme kahoo o ba le monyetla o motle wa ho utlwisisa sengolwa. Ho balla monate hape ho na le melemo ya phedisano mme ho ka etsa hore batho ba ikutlwe ba hokahane le setjhaba ka kakaretso. Ho bala ho eketsa kutlwisiso ya motho ya boitsebo ba hae, ho ntlafatsa kutlwelo mme ho ba fa kutlwisio ho tjhebo ya lefatshe ya batho ba bang – e leng makgetha a lakatswang ke motho ofe kapa ofe ya atlehileng.  

Ke ntho e qaqileng hore bana ba natefelwang ke ho bala ba kgothatseha haholo hore ba sebetse hantle sekolong. Sena se etswa ke hobane ntho tsohle tseo ba di etsang sekolong di kenyeletsa ho bala. Ho fa ngwana wa hao monyetla o motle ka ho fetisisa wa akademi kapa thuto, mo kgothaletse ho bala ho se kgatello efe kapa efe ya tshebetso. Ho seng jwalo, mo kgothaletse ho bala feela hobane e mo natefela.

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