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Hobaneng ha bana ba lokela ho kgothaletswa ho bala dibuka tse ngotsweng ka puo ya letswele

by | Feb 29, 2024 | Road to Literacy

Dilemong tse ding le tse ding tse hlano, bana ba Afrika Borwa ba phatlalletse le naha ba kenela diteko tsa matjhabatjhaba tse re thusang ho bona hore bana ba rona ba bala ho le hokae. E bitswa Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS). Bana ba Kereiti 4 le 6 ba fuwa diratswana tse ngotsweng ka puo ya lentswele hore ba di bale. Ba botswa dipotso tse hlokang kutlwisiso ho latela seo ba se badileng, ho lekola hore ba kgona ho utlwisisa seo ba se balang.

Sephetho sa selemo sa 2021 se ne se sa kgahlise. Diteko tsa 2016 di bontshitse ha 78% ya bana ba Kereiti 4 ba sa kgone ho utlwisisa seo ba se balang. Diphetho tsa 2021 di netefaditse palo e hlobaetsang e fokotsehang ka mokgwa o makatsang, e bontsha ha e le 19% fela ya bana ba nang le dilemo tse 10 ba Afrika Borwa ba kgonang ho utlwisisa seo ba se balang ka puo ya habo bona.

81% ya baithuti ba Kereiti 4 ba Afrika Borwa ha ba kgone ho utlwisisa seo ba se balang (PIRLS 2021)

Hona ho bolela hore 81% ya bana ba rona ba tla:

  • Hloleha ho atleha dithutong
  • Thatafallwa ho atleha materiki
  • Thatafallwa ho fumana mosebetsi
  • Hloleha ho natefelwa ke ho bala buka

Empa ho na le tharollo.

Phuputso e bontshitse ha puo ya letswele ya ngwana e le puo e nepahetseng haholo bakeng sa ho tseba ho bala le ho ithuta sekolong se tlase, seo ngwana a qalang ho se kena (UNESCO, 2008a).

Bana ba ithutang ho bala ka puo ya letswele ke bona ba atisang ho mamella le ho atleha sekolong (Kosonen, 2005); motswadi o kgona ho buisana le titjhere ya ngwana hantle hobane puisano e le ka puo ya letswele (Benson, 2002); tsebo ya ho nahana ya ngwana e ba hlwahlwa, e matlafale haholo ha a rutwa pale ka puo eo a e buang lapeng (Nishanthi, 2020); ebile ngwana o ba le boitshepo bothong ba hae,  setsong sa hae le ho ba le kamano e tiileng le setso sa habo.

Phuputso e bontshitse ha bana ba eba le tsebo ya ho bala ka potlako le ka mokgwa o motle ha ba rutwa ka puo ya letswele. Bafuputsi ba bangata ba fumane hore tsebo ya ho bala le ya ho utlwisisa tseo ngwana a ithutang tsona ka puo ya hae o kgona ho di fetisetsa puong e nngwe ha bonolo ha nako e ntse e tsamaya. Ke ka hoo kharikhulamo ya CAPS e reng dikolo di latele mokgwa wa tlatsetso wa ho ithuta le ho tseba dipuo tse pedi. Tlatsetso ya ho tseba le ho bua dipuo tse pedi ke ha puo e nngwe e eketswa hodima puo ya ngwana ya pele (puo ya letswele), ho ena le hore puo eo e tlose puo ya letswele. Ha ngwana a rutwa ka puo ya tlatsetso (Senyesemane/English jwalo ka tlwaelo) ho tloha Kereiti 1, o fumana bothata ba ho ba le tsebo ya e nngwe ya tsona, ebe ke moo Senyesemane se bang matla hanyanehanyane ho feta puo ya letswele. Hoo ho bitswa ho tseba dipuo tse pedi ka ho tlosa kapa ho hatella e nngwe.

Ha ngwana ya buang puo ya Afrika a qala sekolo ka Senyesemane, dithuto tsa hae di kgutliseditswa morao ka dilemo tse ka bang tshelela (Cummins, 1981). Hona ho bolela hore ha ngwana eo a etsa Kereiti 6, boleng ba Senyesemane ba hae bo ba kgatong ya moithuti wa Kereiti 1 ya rutwang ka puo ya habo ya letswele.

Ho bala o utlwisisa seo o se balang ke tswelopele ho ithuteng tsohle. Ho fa ngwana qalo e nepahetseng ya mantlha thutong ya hae o lokela ho ithuta ho bala le ho ngola ka kutlwisiso ka puo ya letswele. Ho sebedisa Senyesemane e le puo ya tlatsetso ho tla etsahala ha bobebe ha ngwana a na le tsebo ya ho bala ka puo ya letswele.

Bana ba tshwanelwa ke thuto e nang le boleng. Ba tshwanelwa ke bokamoso bo tjhatsi. Ba tshwanelwa hape ke ho rata ho bala. Bana ha ba thabela ho bala, ba ka fuwa dipale tse ngotsweng ka puo ya letswele hore ba di bale, ba ka ipona ba bona bophelo ba bona dipaleng tseo. Hoo ho tla ba etsa batho ba sebele, ba be le boitshepo.

Mpho e babatsehang ya sebele eo o ka e fang ngwana ke bokgoni ba hore a tsebe ho bala a utlwisisa seo a se balang ka puo ya letswele. Hoo ho tla tlisa lerato la setso le puo, mme ho ba fe thuto e tsitsitseng ya mantlha.


References 

Benson, C. & Kosonen, K. (Eds.) 2013. Language issues in comparative education: Inclusive teaching and learning in non-dominant languages and cultures. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.

Benson, C. 2002. Real and potential benefits of bilingual programmes in developing countries. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 5(6): 303-317.

Nishanthi, R. 2020. Understanding of the importance of mother tongue learning. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD). ISSN: 2456-6470, 5(1): 77-80.

The Common Underlying Proficiency model (Cummins, 1980a, 1981a, as cited in Baker, 2011).

Baker, C. 2011. Foundations of bilingual education and bilingualism, 5th ed. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.

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