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Dikeletso tse sebetsang bakeng sa ho thusa baithuti/bana ba hao ho balla moelelo – mokgwa wa ho etsa hore ngwana wa hao ebe mmadi ya tswang pele

by | Feb 28, 2023 | Road to Literacy

Dilemong tse ding le tse ding tse hlano, baithuti ba Kereiti ya 4 Afrika Borwa ba nka seabo tekolong ya ho bala ya matjhaba e bitswang PIRLS (The Progress in International Reading Literacy Study) – Kgatelopele ho Phuputso ya Tsebo ya ho Bala le ho Ngola ya Matjhaba.

Ka hobane tekanyetso ena e etsahala ka kgafetsa, re kgona ho sala morao kgatelopele eo bana ba rona ba bang le yona mabapi le bokgoni ba ho balla kutlwisiso. Diphetho tsa ho qetela tsa PIRLS tse phatlaladitsweng di ne di tswa ho tekanyetso ya 2016 mme di fumane hore 78% ya baithuti ba rona ba Kereiti ya 4 ba ne ba sa kgone ho balla kutlwisiso ka puo efe kapa efe. Sena se bolela hore ke 22% feela ya bana ba dilemo tse leshome Afrika Borwa ba utlwisisang seo ba se balang.

Haeba ngwana a sa utlwisise seo a se balang a keke a kgona ho fihlella katleho ho tsa thuto sekolong kaha ho bala e le motjha o lebisang ho ithuteng hohle. Thuto e nngwe le e nngwe ya sekolong, esitana le Mmetse, e hloka hore motho a sebedise tsebo ya difoneki ho bala mantswe leqepheng, le tlotlontswe bakeng sa ho kenya moelelo mantsweng ao. Babadi ba nang le bokgoni ba sebedisa mawa a mangata ho utlwisisa seo ba se balang mme ebe ba iphumanela bokgoni bo fapaneng ba ho bala. Wena jwaloka motswadi, o ka thusa ngwana wa hao ho ntshetsa pele le ho ikwetlisa mawa ana le bokgoni bona.

Balla ngwana wa hao

Ho bohlokwa ho ba balla ba santse e le masea le ha ba se ba qadile sekolo. Ha ho tsotellehe hore o balla ngwana wa hao eng. E ka nna ya ba buka e le nngwe, atikele e tswang koranteng kapa khomike. Bana ba lokela ho ithuta mohopolo wa mongolo le hore mantswe ao re a utlwang le ho a bua a ka ngolwa. Hape bana ba hloka ho bona hore ho bala ho molemo malapeng a bona. Ka ho balla ngwana wa hao, o mo tshehetsa hore a kgone ho hodisa bokgoni ba hae le lerato la ho bala.   

Ba balle mefuta e fapaneng ya dipale

Ba balle mefuta e fapaneng ya dipale ele hore ba kopane le mefuta e fapaneng ya dingolwa mme ba ithute hore ke mefuta efe ya dipale e ka ba natefelang. Kgothaletsa ntshetsopele ya boinahanelo ba bona mme o re ba o phetele dipale – esitana le ha ele tse sa reng letho – e le hore ba tsebe hore dipale tsa bona di bohlokwa le tsona.

Botsa ngwana wa hao dipotso

Botsa ngwana wa hao dipotso mabapi le seo ba se badileng kapa esitana le seo ba se shebeletseng thelevisheneng. Ba thuse hore ba nahane ka tshekatsheko le ho nahana ka seo ba se badileng. Botsa dipotso tse kang:

  • Mophetwa eo o mo ratileng haholo ke mang?
  • Ke karolo efe ya pale eo o e ratileng ho feta?
  • Ho etsahetse eng qalong?
  • Ho etsahetse eng qetellong?
  • Pale ee e etsahetse hokae?

Babadi ba nang le bokgoni ba batlana le mehlala, ba etsa ponelopele mme ba etsa diqeto. Inahane ha o shebelletse lenaneo la thelevishene. Kelello ya hao e batlana le mehlala ya se tla etsahala kamora moo. Ha tlhahisoleseding e ntse e hlahella, o fetola diponelopele tsena mme o etse tse ntjha. O lemoha diphetoho tse nyane pontshong ya sefahleho sa sebapadi le sehalong sa lentswe la hae, mme o iphumanela diketsong tsa bona ho iketsetsa diqeto kapa dikahlolo. Sena se bitswa ho iketsetsa diqeto mme ke seo babadi ba nang le bokgoni ba se etsang ele hore ba kgone ho utlwisisa seo mongodi a lekang ho se hlalosa paleng kapa mongolong. O ka thusa ngwana wa hao ho ikwetlisa ho etsa diqeto ka ho botsa dipotso tse kang:  

  • O nahana hore ho tla etsahala eng kamora moo?
  • O nahana hore ke hobaneng ha mophetwa eo a entse seo? Ke mehlala efe eo o e fumaneng paleng e o thusitseng ho fumana karabo?
  • O fihlile jwang karabong?
  • Ha re baleng leqephe lena hape mme re batle tlhahisoleseding e patehileng.

Babadi ba nang le bokgoni hape ba etsa qeto ya hore ke sefe se bohlokwa le se seng bohlokwa ha ba ntse ba bala. Sena se a hlokeha bakeng sa ha o bala dipale esitana le mongolo wa tlhahisoleseding. Leqepheng ho tla ba le tlhahisoleseding e ngata empa ke e nngwe ya yona feela e leng bohlokwa ho poloto ya pale kapa seo o ithutang ka sona. Thusa ngwana wa hao ho iphumanela lewa lena la ho bala ka:

  • ho mo tshehetsa ha a bala mongolo o nang le tlhahisoleseding o jwaloka dipapatso, diboroutjhara le dibuka tseo e seng tsa pale ya boiqapelo
  • ho mmotsa hore ke eng e bohlokwa ka ho fetisisa eo a e badileng leqepheng
  • ho bala ntlha e le nngwe le mehlala e meraro mme ebe o mmotsa hore ke eng e bohlokwa ka ho fetisisa eo o e buileng.

Thusa ngwana wa hao ho etsa dikgokahano ha a ntse a bala le ho tlisa seo a seng a se tseba ho sengolwa se setjha mabapi le sehlooho se itseng. Tsebo e a hola. O ithuta ho hong mabapi le sehlooho mme hao ntse o bala dibuka tse ntjha kapa diatikele tse ntjha o eketsa ho tsebo ena. Ka nako tse ding ha o ntse o bala o lemoha hore seo o neng o nahana hore o a se tseba se fosahetse mme ebe o fetola maikutlo a hao. O ka etsa sena feela haeba o etsa dikgokahano. Fana ka mohlala wa lewa lena la ho bala ka ditsela tse latelang:

  • Ha re shebe sehloohong sa pale ena. Na re kile ra bala dipale tse ding tse tshwanang le eo?
  • Buka ena e mabapi le dikokonyana. Hantlentle o tseba eng ka dikokonyana?
  • Moshanyana enwa o hloname paleng. Ke neng moo o kileng wa ikutlwa o hloname?

Hape o ka bontsha mehlala ya mawa a ho bala ka ho iketsa eka ha o utlwisise seo o se badileng. Bua seo o se nahanneng mme o botse dipotso kapa o bue dintho tse kang:

  • Ha ke utlwisise. Ere ke kgutlele morao ke bale seratswana sena hape.
  • Ha ke tsebe hore lentswe lena le bolela eng. Ere ke shebe mantswe a pela lona mohlomong hoo ho ka nthusa.
  • Ke ntse ke sa utlwisise. Lentswe lee le letjha le nketsa hore ke nahane ka lentswe lefe?

Haeba ngwana wa hao a sa rutwa mawa a ho bala, a keke a ba le bokgoni boo a bo hlokang hore a bale ka kutlwisiso. Bokgoni bona bo hlokolosi bo lokela ho bontshwa ka mehlala le ho rutwa ele hore dipaterone tsa ho nahana tse hlokehang hore a be mmadi ya hlwahlwa di ntshetswe pele ka kelellong ya hae. Ka ho botsa dipotso ha o ntse o bala le ngwana wa hao, kapa ha yena a o balla, o mmontsha dipaterone tsena tsa monahano.   

Ho na le dintho tse ngata tseo o ka di etsang ho thusa ngwana wa hao hore ebe mmadi ya hlwahlwa. Empa ntho ya bohlokwa ka ho fetsisisa eo o ka e etsang ke ho bopa tikoloho lapeng e nkelang ho bala hodimo. Ha ho kgonahala, rekela bana ba hao dibuka ele hore ba be le dibuka tseo e leng tsa bona mme ba tsebe bohlokwa ba tsona. Ba bontshe hore o a bala mme o natefelwa ke ho bala. O se ke wa etsa mosebetsi wa hae wa sekolo hore o bonahale e ka ke mosebetsi o imelang o lokelang ho mamellwa. Emisa ka seo o se etsang mme o tsepamise maikutlo ho bona ha ba bala mme o ba rorise haholo! Esitana le ha ho bala ha bona ho se ho hotle, ba kgothaletse mme o ba bolelle hore ba ntse ba etla hantle mme o re ba bale karolo kapa leqephe ka makgetlo a mangata kamoo ba hlokang, ho fihlela ba kgona ho e bala ntle le diphoso. Sena se tla aha boitshepo ba bona le ho natefelwa ha bona ke ho bala.

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